Computer GK
Computer GK - Part3
132) What is Booting?
It is the initial set of operations a computer performs when switched on. It executes the instructions in BIOS. Cold booting is loading of operating system to memory when computer is started. Warm booting is rebooting the computer when it hangs
133) What is BIOS (Basic Input Output System)?
It is the firmware that helps in booting. It manages connections between Operating system and the devices connected to computer
134) What is Source code and machine code?
Source code is the instructions created in higher level languages like Python etc. Machine code is the binary code 1’s and 0’s executed by CPU
135) What is object code?
It is part of machine code that is not linked. Linker combines sets of object code to a program
136) What is Assembly code?
It is low-level code that needs assembler to convert to machine code
137) What is Disk Defragmenter?
It is a windows utility program. It reorganizes data files so that they are stored in contiguous manner. It consolidates the free space on the disk
138) What is Disk Cleanup?
It is a windows utility that scans hard drive and shows up the temporary files, cached pages etc. The user can decide which ones to delete
139) What is a stylus
It is an input device for computer. Lines can be drawn or text can be written with it
140) What is hyperlink?
A link from highlighted text or an image to another location
141) What is an anchor?
It is the html element which is used to create a hyperlink
142) What is URL(Uniform Resource locator)?
It is a reference to a source on web
143) Which number system does computer uses?
Binary number system. It is of 1’s and 0’s
144) Computer Storage
145) Computer Storage Details (use magnet)
Cloud Storage: It stores the data online. The servers are at various locations in the world
External HDD and SDD Devices: They are connected to any computer.
Flash memory Device: Portable storage device. Examples are USB flash drive, memory cards etc
Optical Storage Devices: CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray disc
Floppy discs: They are removable storage devices
146) What is a pixel and what is resolution?
A pixel is the smallest piece of information in an image. Resolution is the number of pixels in an image. It is represented as width and height as well. 1920 X 1080 means 1920 pixels wide and 1080 pixels high
147) What is a word processor?
It is a computer program which is used for editing, creating and printing documents. Example is Microsoft word, Google docs, drop box etc
148) What does CPU(Processor) consist of?
It consists of Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logic Unit and various registers
149) What are modifier keys?
Windows Key, Ctrl key, Shift key and Alt key
150) Measure of Data
Bit: 1 or 0, Byte: 8 bits, Kilobyte(KB): 1024 bytes, Megabyte: 1024 kilobytes, Gigabyte: 1024 megabytes, Terabyte: 1024 gigabytes, Petabyte: 1024 terabytes, Exabyte: 1024 petabytes
151) What is the smallest unit of measurement of Computer data?
Bit
152) Types of Storage
Primary Storage: Main memory (RAM, ROM, Cache)
Secondary Storage: Hard Disk
Tertiary Storage: Automatically inserted and removed storage devices used for large data storage (Magnetic tape, Optical disk)
Off-line Storage: It is inserted or removed by humans (USB, memory card etc)
153) Text file extensions
.txt (Plain text file), .doc or .docx (Microsoft word document), .pdf (portable document format), .rtf (Rich text format), .log (Log file. It has information about events, messages and operations), .odt (OpenDocument text document), .msg (Outlook mail message), .tex (LaTex source document file. Used to define the structure of a document)
154) Image file extensions
.jpeg or .jpg (JPEG image), .gif (Graphical interface format file), .png (Portable Network Graphic), .bmp (Bitmap image file), .ico (Icon file), .ps (Post script file), .psd (Adobe Photoshop document), .tiff or .tif (Tiff image)
155) Video file extensions
.wmv (Windows Media Video file), .mp4 (MPEG4 video file), .mpg or .mpeg (MPEG video file), .mov (Quick time video file), .flv (Adobe flash videofile), .avi (Avi video file), .m4v (iTunes video file), .rm (RealMedia video file), .vob (DVD video object), .3gp (3GPP multimedia file)
156) Audio file extensions
.mp3 (mp3 audio file), .wav (Wave file), .wma (Windows Media Audio file), .mpa (MPEG-2 audio file), .aif (Audio interchange file), .ra (Real audio file), .iff (Interchange file format), .mid or .midi (MIDI image)
157) Data file extensions
.csv (Comma separated value file), .ppt (Power point presentation file), .pps (Power point slide show file), .xml (XML file), .dat (Data file), .mdb (Access database file), .sql (SQL database file), .tar (Tarball archive file)
158) Web file extensions
.php (Hypertext preprocessor file (server scripting language)), .js (Java script file), .py (Python file), .cgi or .pl (Perl script file), .html or .htm (Hyper text markup language file), .cer (Internet security certificate), .rss (Rich Site summary file), .css (Cascading Style Sheet file), .asp (Active Server Page file)
159) What is a Stealth virus?
It is a computer virus that attacks the processes of operating system and not caught by anti-virus
160) What is a trojan horse?
It is a type of malware that disguises as legitimate software. It steals data and spies on the system
161) What is a Process?
It is a program in execution
162) What is a freeware?
Freeware is software that is free
163) What is Database management system (DBMS)
It is a software system. It stores the data, retrieves the data and manipulates the data. It is an interface between the user and the database
164) What is a database?
It is a collection of data that is organized. It is generally stored in computer system
165) What is the first calculating device invented?
Abacus is the first calculating device invented
166) What does Abacus use?
It uses beads to represent numbers
167) What is Napier’s bones?
It is a manually operated calculating device Created by John Napier for the calculation of products and quotients of numbers
168) On what is Napier’s bones method based on?
It is based on lattice multiplication and also called rabdology
169) When did Napier published his version?
1617
170) What is Pascaline or arithmetic machine?
It is the first calculator or adding machine.
171) Who invented Pascaline?
Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline
172) What is slide rule?
It is a hand-operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division
173) When was slide rule invented?
Around 1620
174) Who invented slide rule?
William Oughtred invented slide rule
175) Who invented the first mechanical computer?
Charles Babbage
176) When was the first mechanical computer invented?
In early 19th century
177) Who is the father of the computer
Charles Babbage
178) What is difference engine?
It is an automated mechanical calculator
179) Why is difference engine designed?
It is designed to tabulate polynomial functions
180) Who created difference engine?
Charles Babbage
181) What is Analytical engine?
It is the first general purpose computer created by Charles Babbage
182) How does Analytical engine take input?
It takes input through punched cards
183) Why are the parts of Analytical engine?
Arithmetic Logical Unit, Control flow and integrated memory
184) What did Henry Babbage discover?
He discovered the simplified version of analytical engine
185) To which generation of computers does IBM-PC belong?
4th generation
186) Which is the first commercially successful portable computer?
Osborne 1
187) What is the weight of Osborne1?
About 23 to 24 pounds
188) Who created Osborne1?
Adam Osborne
189) When was Osborne1 created?
1981
190) What is Grid compass?
It was one of the first laptop computers
191) What is IBM 5100?
It is a portable computer.
192) Who is the father of the punched card?
Herman Hollerith
193) Who invented the first modern analog computer?
Sir William Thompson
194) When was the first modern analog computer invented?
1872